This is an online E-log entry blog to discuss and understand the clinical data analysis of a patient, to develop competency in comprehending clinical problems, and providing evidence- based inputs in order to come up with a diagnosis and effective treatment plan to the best of my ability.
80 YEAR OLD WITH C/O COUGH, FEVER SINCE 15 DAYS; DECREASED URINE OUTPUT SINCE 3DAYS
An 80 year old patient a resident of kurumarthi presented with the chief complaints of
* Cough since 15 days
* Fever since 15 days
* Shortness of breath since 15 days
* Decreased urine output since 3 days
The patient was apparently asymptomatic 10 years back when he developed throbbing pain in his right metatarso-phalangeal joint, which was associated with swelling and fever. 2 weeks later, he also developed swelling and pain in bilateral knee joints. With these symptoms the patient went to a nearby hospital. On evaluation, he was informed to have increased uric acid (as informed by the attender) and was diagnosed with gouty arthritis; treatment was started for the same (drugs- unknown).
During the same visit he was diagnosed with hypertension and medication was given (Stamlo 2.5mg OD). He has been compliant with the medication till date.
After 2 weeks of using the medication for gouty arthritis the patient's symptoms increased and progressed to involve his bilateral hip joints, shoulder joints, MCP, DIP and PIP. After which he stopped the medication prescribed to him and switched to homeopathic medication.
His symptoms subsided with the prescribed homeopathic medication and he was compliant with them.
He used to have exacerbation of the gout when he consumes red meat or any pulses. During these episodes he used to take a higher dose of the homeopathic medication. He generally had around two exacerbations per year.
The patient stopped working in the field due to his severe symptoms.
Over the course of 10 years the patient’s lifestyle was severely effected. He started using a stick to help him walk 8 years back and started using a four legged stand 6 years back.
He stopped using homeopathic medication 3 years ago as his symptoms of pain and swelling in the joints reduced. During the episodes of exacerbations, he used to take a paracetamol which relieved his symptoms.
* The patient complains of cough since 15 days. It was associated with sputum which was profuse, viscous, pale-yellow coloured, non- blood tinged and non-foul smelling. There is no diurnal and positional variation.
* He has had high grade fever since 15 days which is associated with chills and rigors.
* He also complains of shortness of breath since 15 days. Which initially started as grade 2 NYHA classification (shortness of breath after walking 100m) later progressed to grade 4 NYHA classification (shortness of breath at rest). He did not have orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. There were no aggravating or relieving factors as such.
* He has decreased urine output since 3 days.
The patient was taken to an hospital in Hyderabad on 8 days back where he had one round of dialysis ( reason for dialysis: unknown. According to the attender the creatinine was high)
He later came to our hospital for further dialysis.
Personal history:
He take a mixed diet, his appetite has decreased since the past 15 days.
His bowel movements are regular
He has decreased urine output.
His sleep is disturbed due to cough.
He used to smoke 20 chutas/ day. He started smoking at the age of 17. He stopped smoking after being diagnosed of gout 10 years back.
He consumes alcohol occasionally (30ml whiskey)
He doesn’t have any know food allergies or drug allergies
Family history:
No history of coronary vascular diseases, cancer, epilepsy, cerebral vascular diseases.
GENERAL EXAMINATION
Patient is drowsy and easily arousable
Moderately built and poorly nourished
Pallor, mild pitting type pedal edema present
No icterus, clubbing, cyanosis, generalised lymphadenopathy.
VITALS:
PR: 82bpm
BP: 110/80 mmHg
RR: 20cpm
Temperature: Afebrile
SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
INSPECTION:
Shape of chest: bilaterally symmetrical
Expansion of chest: Decreased on left side
Position of trachea: Central
Supraclavicular and infraclavicular hollowness seen
Spinoscapular distance could not be measured
Muscle wasting seen over supraclavicular area
Crowding of ribs seen
Retraction of intercostal muscles seen on inspiration
No visible scars, sinuses, pulsations
PALPATION:
Inspectory findings confirmed
No tenderness, local rise of temperature
Decreased expansion of chest on left side in all areas
Chest diameter: AP- 27cm; Transverse-24cm
Position of trachea: Central
Vocal fremitus: resonant note felt
PERCUSSION:
Dull note heard over Left infraclavicular, mammary and inframmary areas
Posterior side not percussed
Other areas- resonant note heard
AUSCULTATION:
Bilateral crepts heard over mammary, inframmary areas
Decreased breath sounds bilaterally
Vocal resonance: resonant in all areas
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
On palpation,
-Apex beat felt at 5th intercostal space along midclavicular line
-JVP not raised
-No precordial bulge
-No parasternal heave
On percussion, the heart borders were in normal limits
On auscultation, S1, S2 heard; no murmurs
PER ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION:
Soft, non-tender
No hepato-splenomegaly noted
CNS:
HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS-
Altered sensorium seen
Drowsy and arousable
Speech and language slurred
Memory intact
CRANIAL NERVES-
1, 9,10,11, 12: Could not be elicited due to O2 mask
Other cranial nerves are normal
SENSORY EXAMINATION-
Normal sensations felt in all dermatomes
MOTOR EXAMINATION
Normal tone in upper and lower limbs
Normal power in upper and lower limbs
Gait could not be examined
REFLEXES-
Normal, brisk reflexes elicited- biceps, triceps, knee and ankle reflexes elicited.
CEREBELLAR FUNCTION-
Normal function
No meningeal signs were elicited.
EVALUATION:
1. HEMOGRAM
2. LFT
3. RFT
4. FEVER CHART
5. CXR
TREATMENT PLAN, DAY 1:
Comments
Post a Comment